Basic Seminar - Inverters
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SMA Solar Technology AG
2
BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
What to expect today…
> Basics of photovoltaics
> Solar irradiation conditions have an impact on the yield
> The features an inverter needs to have
>
Installation
and
electrical
connection
>
Installation
and
electrical
connection
> SMA inverters
> Features
> Product portfolio
> Objectives of plant monitoring
f
> Communication inter
f
aces
> Sunny Data Control/Sunny Explorer presentation
> Direct communication with one inverte
r
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Current/voltage characteristic curve of a PV cell
V
oc
-
O
p
en circuit volta
g
e
oc
pg
I
sc
- Shortcircuit current
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Surface requirements of different module types
Re
q
uired s
p
ace o
f
1kW
p
PV arra
y
q
p
p
y
silicon,
monocrystalline
silicon,
polycrystalline
copper indium
diselenid
cadmium -
tellurid
silicon,
amorphous
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
monocrystalline
polycrystalline
diselenid
tellurid
amorphous
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Relative yield in dependence of the module alignment
n
°
M
odul i
n
f
Roof/ -
M
A
ngle o
f
A
SMA Solar Technology AG
EastSouthWest
6
BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Principle of a grid-tied PV plant
PV-Generator
Grid
PV-Inverter
Counter
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
What is a string?
> String - PV modules connected in series
>
PV t ft i t f l t i
>
PV
genera
t
ors o
ft
en cons
i
s
t
o
f
severa
l
s
t
r
i
ngs
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
The features an inverter needs to have...
> High system efficiency
> Fast finding and holding of the Maximum Power Point (MPP)
> High efficiency also during partial load operation
> Easy functional control
> Detailed plant monitoring
> Easy fault diagnosis
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
The features an inverter needs to have...
> Maximum reliability
> High protection rating, e.g. IP 65 due to robust enclosure
> Large temperature range (–25°C to +60°C)
> Reasonably priced
> Good price-performance ratio
> Easy installation
Mdl l l bl
hdl l f ll
dl
ll
>
M
o
d
u
l
ar
ly
a
ppl
ica
bl
e
t
h
e i
d
ea
l
so
l
ution
f
or sma
ll
an
d
l
arge
sca
l
e PV
pl
ants
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
What has to be taken into account during mounting
> Mount on a solid, non-flammable surface only
> Ambient temperature range between –25°C and +60°C
> A free space of at least 300 mm to 500 mm around the enclosure guarantees an optimum ventilation;
if necessary use a forced fan ventilation
if
necessary
,
use
a
forced
fan
ventilation
> Notice! Risk of burns. The heat sink can reach a temperature of 85°C
> Take the admissible mounting brackets into account: (see installation guide)
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
How to install Sunny Boy and Sunny Mini Centrals
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Inverters from SMA are in great demand...
Optimum anti-theft protection for the Sunny Boy 3000/4000/5000TL-20
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Important facts to know about your inverter
> Only work at the device when it is disconnected
> Observe the heat sink's temperature!
>
Work ma onl be carried o t b q alified personnel
>
Work
may
only
be
carried
o
u
t
by
q
u
alified
personnel
> Read the installation guide and the user manual
> Follow the installation- rules!
fh A
Cut o
f
t
h
e
A
C
connection
Make shure for take on the AC while operation
Check the AC and DC side free of Powe
r
Connect it to earth with a short brake
Take care and cover all nearly parts under power
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Electrical connection: AC side
> Minimizing the cable resistance:
> avoids the disconnection of the inverter
> reduces line losses
>
Fi ed terminal and screw connections a oid the risk of fire within the wiring
>
Fi
x
ed
terminal
and
screw
connections
a
v
oid
the
risk
of
fire
within
the
wiring
> Secure all inverters via a proper line circuit breaker
(see Technical Information for determination)
> Do not connect any further loads to the power circuit
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Electrical connection: DC side
>
Checking the PV generator
Checking
the
PV
generator
> voltage and polarity
> PV
g
enerato
r
volta
g
e < maximum in
p
ut volta
g
eoftheinverte
r
g
g
p
g
> Checking the voltage of the PV generator connection to PE
( DC ”+” against ground, DC “–” against ground)
> Integrating the module frame and rack of the PV generator
into the potential equalization
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Which standards must be taken into consideration?
> Electromagnetic Compliance (EMC) according to EN 61000-6-1,
EN 61000-6-2, EN 61000-6-3 and EN 61000-6-4
> Personal protection according to DIN VDE 0100 and DIN VDE 0105
> Grid monitoring according to DINVDE 0126-1-1
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
SMA inverters automatically monitor...
Grid monitoring according to VDE 0126-1-1
> Voltage 184 V to 264.5 V
> Frequency 47.5 Hz to 50 Hz
>
Islanding
detection
>
Islanding
detection
> DC feed-in max. 1 A
> Residual current max. 30 mA
> Discharge current max. 300 mA
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BasicInverter-EN121010
You can change the limiting values with your personal access code (Grid Guard Code).
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
> Reduction of installation costs
SMA grounding set for inverters with transformer
due to device-internal grounding
> no effects on the plant's EMC behavior
>
no irritation thro gh contin o s ill mination
>
no
irritation
thro
u
gh
contin
u
o
u
s
ill
u
mination
of the ground fault display
> The grounding provides high system safety
via internal thermal fuse
> Ground fault display is only activated in the
event
of
a
tripped
fuse
event
of
a
tripped
fuse
> Can be upgraded by the installer
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Which inverter for which module technolo
gy
:
Design rules for grounding
gy
transformerless inverters Inverter with transformer
Cell technology/ Series device
module desi
g
n SB xxxx TL SB xxxx TL
-
HC SB xxxx with ne
g
ative with
p
ositive
g
g
p
SMC xxxx TL SMC xxxx grounding set grounding set
monocrystalline Si nnnoo
polycrystalline Si nnnoo
CdTe äään ä
amorphous Si äään ä
(superstrate design)
amor
p
hous Si nnnoo
p
(substrate design)
CIS nnnoo
monocrystalline Si ääään
()
(
A300
)
Metal foil as substrate ä nnnn
or in module design
Legend:
SMA Solar Technology AG
is recommended
is recommended with restrictions
not recommended
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Grounding/potential equalization
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Grounding/potential equalization
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
With or without transformer
Transformer Inverter Transformerless Inverter
Ground fault monitoring
continuous
continuous
Ground
fault
monitoring
continuous
continuous
Display of a ground fault Red LED Red LED
Effects of a ground fault
Inverter continues feeding in
(can be set)
Inverter switches off immediately
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
ESS Electronic Solar Switch
Integrated protection technology in every inverter
> without any losses
>
no
additional
installation
req ired
>
no
additional
installation
req
u
ired
> complies with DIN 0100-712 in terms of a
DC switch-disconnector
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
> Maximum energy yields, even at high ambient
Intelligent cooling -- OptiCoolⓇ
temperatures
>
Durable
lower fatigue of the
components
>
Durable
lower
fatigue
of
the
components
> Safe - combined passive and active cooling
> Optimum protection against dust and water due
to
sealed
to
sealed
> electronics compartment
> Intelligent cooling - for all installation locations
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Avoids unbalanced loads - Power Balancer
> Power Balancer in all SMC (single-phase)
> Minimized yield losses
> Optimum control by four different settings
> Off
> Phase Guard
> Fault Guard
> You can change the settings with your personal access code (Grid Guard password).
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Power Balancer connection
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
What does the product designation consist of?
Example:
SB 5000 TL - 21
2 = 2. Product range
1
=
Version
Inverter topologie:
= 50/60 Hz Transfomer
A = Aluminium housing
1
Version
TL = Transformerless
HF = High Frequency transformer
HV = High Voltage (extended DC voltage range)
RP = Reactive Power
AC nominal power [W] Watt
HC = High Current
SB = Sunny Boy
SMC = Sunny Mini Central
STP = Sunny Tripower
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
SMA inverters
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
New generation of galvanically
Sunny Boy 2000HF/2500HF/3000HF
isolating inverters
> Topology: HF transformer
> Plug-in grounding set
> Max. DC voltage: 700 V
> Max. AC power: 2000 W/2500 W/3000 W
> Quick Modul
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Plug-in grounding set
SUNNY BOY 3000HF - easy generator grounding
> Installation: plug in - that's all!
> Easy:
> One set for both polarities
> Fuse are replaceable
> Safe:
>
Inverter
controls
the
polarity
>
Inverter
controls
the
polarity
> Fault protection through integrated fuse
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
> Test winner at the German Product
The test winner – SB 3300/3800
Standards Institute Stiftung Warentest
5/2006
> Highly flexible - positive and negative
generator grounding is possible
> Highest yields thanks to OptiTrac and
OptiCoolⓇ
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
> Highly flexible - positive and negative
The all-rounder – SMC 4600A/5000A/6000A
generator grounding is possible
>
Highest yields thanks to
OptiTrac
and
>
Highest
yields
thanks
to
OptiTrac
and
OptiCoolⓇ
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
> Highly flexible - positive and negative
Optimally suited for thin-film modules - SMC 7000HV-11
generator grounding is possible
>
Highest yields thanks to
OptiTrac
>
Highest
yields
thanks
to
OptiTrac
and OptiCoolⓇ
> Ideally suited for thin-film modules and
crystalline cells thanks to the maximum DC
in
p
ut volta
g
e of 800
V
pg V
> Future-proof thanks to reactive power
bl
(l
)
ca
p
a
b
i
l
it
y
(
internationa
l
re
q
uirements
)
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
> Highest yields thanks to OptiTrac,
Highest yields -- SMC 6000TL to 11000TL
H5 technology and OptiCoolⓇ
>
Highest ields d e to a ma im m
>
Highest
yields
d
u
e
to
a
ma
x
im
u
m
efficiency of 98%
> String fuses in 9000TL, 10000TL, 11000TL
devices are optionally available.
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
> Highest yields thanks to OptiTrac,
SMC 9000TLRP to 11000TLRP
H5 technology and OptiCoolⓇ
>
Highest ields d e to a ma im m
>
Highest
yields
d
u
e
to
a
ma
x
im
u
m
efficiency of 97.7%
> Future-proof thanks reactive power
capability (international requirements)
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
> Maximum flexibility due to
Highly flexible - SB 3000/4000/5000TL-21
Multi-StringⓇ technology
>
Highest ields thanks to H5 technolog
>
Highest
yields
thanks
to
H5
technology
and OptiCoolⓇ
> Very easy installation: cable connection
without tools
> Flexible system planning
> Highest yields due to independent
MPP trackers
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
> 3-phase power supply line: 3/N/PE,
SUNNY TRIPOWER – Future-oriented Planning
230/400 V
> More simple design options
>
Simplified
appro al
processes
>
Simplified
appro
v
al
processes
> Grid management included
> Compatible with the BDEW directive
(Germany)
> Easy realization of large-scale projects
h
d
l
fd
wit
h
me
d
ium
vo
l
tage
f
ee
d
> Future-proof thanks to reactive power
capability (international requirements)
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
> DC input voltage of up to 1,000 V
SUNNY TRIPOWER
> Especially safe thanks to the Electronic
Solar Switch
>
Highest ields thanks to
OptiTrac
and
>
Highest
yields
thanks
to
OptiTrac
and
OptiCoolⓇ
> DC overvoltage protector (type II) can be
integrated
> Cable connection without tools
>
Hi h t i ld d t i
>
Hi
g
h
es
t
yi
e
ld
s
d
ue
t
o a max
i
mum
efficiency of 98%
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
> Comfortable and fast due to
"SUNCLIX" -- New DC plug system
connection without tools
> Universal for flexible and fixed
cond ctors ranging from 2 5 to 6 mm²
cond
u
ctors
ranging
from
2
.
5
to
6
mm²
> High conductancy with 40 A already with
4 mm² up to 85 °C
> Secure interlocking using click connections
> Easy to unlock with a standard screwdriver -
fl l h
even i
f
pl
ugs are c
l
ose toget
h
e
r
> Cost-effective due to field connector
included in delivery
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Plant controlling
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Objectives of plant monitoring
> Check
> Energy production
> Display of instantaneous values, e.g. feed-in power
>
Contin o s recording of plant data
>
Contin
u
o
u
s
recording
of
plant
data
> Graphic presentation of recorded data
> In case of an operational failure, signaling is guaranteed by the connection of warning devices on-
site or by telecommunication
> Early detection of operational failures
> Control
> Optimization of device parameters, e.g. to adjust the disconnection criteria (consulting your
electric power company will be necessary!)
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Display LED
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
> Current feed-in power
The most important at a glance - Sunny Display
> Generator voltage
> Total energy produced
> Operating time in hours
fd
d
> Energ
y
f
e
d
in to
d
a
y
> Current operating state
> Tapping activates the display illumination
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
The following data is shown in the display:
Display "New Generation"
> Current output
> Dail
y
ener
gy
y
gy
> Total energy generated since installation
> Graphic presentation of the output
PV
l
/
>
PV
vo
l
tage
/
current
> Grid voltage/current
> Event number
> Power reduction
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
USB service interface
RS485
Bluetooth
Overview of communication types
USB
service
interface
RS485
Bluetooth
2
1200
100
max. range
2
m
1200
m
100
m
max. number of devices 1 50 12 / 50
Transmission
medium
Data cable Data cable Radio
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Data transmission USB service interface
> Data transmission with max. one inverter
Visualization with
Sunny Data Control
Data analysis with MS
Excel
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Requirements for the USB service interface
> USB service interface in inverter and communication connection to the display device
> PC software, e.g. Sunny Data Control 3.93
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Download free of charge at www.SMA.de
Everything under control - Sunny Data Control
Access, archive and evaluate
> Saving plant data
> Setting parameters, even without data logger
> Evaluating plant data with MS Excel
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Security level - user authentication
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
Changing parameters with Sunny Data Control
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
System monitoring – Sunny Explorer
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BasicInverter-EN121010
1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
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1. PV Basics | 2. Installation & Features | 3. Products | 4. Monitoring | 5. Visualisation
SUNNY EXPLORER – An overview of the advantages
> Quick overview of the status of the PV plant
> Safe data transfer through new password system
> Yield overview at a glance
> Graphical display of key system data
>
Ititi it f
>
I
n
t
u
iti
ve
i
n
t
er
f
ace
> Wireless monitorin
g
of the PV s
y
stem with Bluetooth technolo
gy
gy gy
> Free PC software for use on your existing PC
SMA Solar Technology AG
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BasicInverter-EN121010
Let‘s be realistic
and try the impossible!
Let‘s be realistic
and try the impossible!
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BasicInverter-EN121010